See similar bug #366237
Just replace pextrw with pextrb in #366237 attachment.

$ cat test_pextrw.nas-nasm.lst
     1                                  [bits 64]
     2                                  [default rel]
     3
     4                                  [section .text align=16]
     5
     6                                  [global test_pextrw]
     7                                  test_pextrw:
     8 00000000 0F1007                    movups xmm0, [rdi]
     9 00000003 660F3A14C003              pextrb rax, xmm0, 3
    10 00000009 C3                        ret
    11
$ cat test_pextrw.nas-yasm.lst
     1                                 %line 1+1 test_pextrw.nas
     2                                 [bits 64]
     3                                 [default rel]
     4
     5                                 [section .text align=16]
     6
     7                                 [global test_pextrw]
     8                                 test_pextrw:
     9 00000000 0F1007                  movups xmm0, [rdi]
    10 00000003 66480F3A14C003          pextrb rax, xmm0, 3
    11 0000000A C3                      ret


Valgrind error:
==523428== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==523428== Copyright (C) 2002-2022, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==523428== Using Valgrind-3.19.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==523428== Command: ./test_pextrw_yasm.exe
==523428== Parent PID: 521086
==523428==
vex amd64->IR: unhandled instruction bytes: 0x66 0x48 0xF 0x3A 0x14 0xC0 0x3 0xC3 0x0 0xF3
vex amd64->IR:   REX=1 REX.W=1 REX.R=0 REX.X=0 REX.B=0
vex amd64->IR:   VEX=0 VEX.L=0 VEX.nVVVV=0x0 ESC=0F3A
vex amd64->IR:   PFX.66=1 PFX.F2=0 PFX.F3=0
==523428== valgrind: Unrecognised instruction at address 0x109213.