Are you able to run 'kwin_x11' with OpenGL compositing? If yes, please start it, and add the output of

    qdbus org.kde.KWin /KWin supportInformation

Otherwise, I guess your OpenGL drivers are not setup correctly.

Here is output of qdbus org.kde.KWin /KWin supportInformation . . .

KWin Support Information:
The following information should be used when requesting support on e.g. http://forum.kde.org.
It provides information about the currently running instance, which options are used,
what OpenGL driver and which effects are running.
Please post the information provided underneath this introductory text to a paste bin service
like http://paste.kde.org instead of pasting into support threads.

==========================

Version
=======
KWin version: 5.10.5
Qt Version: 5.7.1
Qt compile version: 5.7.1
XCB compile version: 1.11.1

Operation Mode: X11 only

Build Options
=============
KWIN_BUILD_DECORATIONS: yes
KWIN_BUILD_TABBOX: yes
KWIN_BUILD_ACTIVITIES: yes
HAVE_INPUT: yes
HAVE_DRM: yes
HAVE_GBM: yes
HAVE_X11_XCB: yes
HAVE_EPOXY_GLX: yes
HAVE_WAYLAND_EGL: yes

X11
===
Vendor: The X.Org Foundation
Vendor Release: 11903000
Protocol Version/Revision: 11/0
SHAPE: yes; Version: 0x11
RANDR: yes; Version: 0x14
DAMAGE: yes; Version: 0x11
Composite: yes; Version: 0x4
RENDER: yes; Version: 0xb
XFIXES: yes; Version: 0x50
SYNC: yes; Version: 0x31
GLX: yes; Version: 0x0

Decoration
==========
Plugin: org.kde.breeze
Theme: 
Blur: 0
onAllDesktopsAvailable: true
alphaChannelSupported: true
closeOnDoubleClickOnMenu: false
decorationButtonsLeft: 0, 6, 1
decorationButtonsRight: 2, 9, 3, 4, 5
borderSize: 3
gridUnit: 18
font: DejaVu Sans,12,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
smallSpacing: 4
largeSpacing: 18

Options
=======
focusPolicy: 1
nextFocusPrefersMouse: false
clickRaise: true
autoRaise: false
autoRaiseInterval: 750
delayFocusInterval: 300
shadeHover: false
shadeHoverInterval: 250
separateScreenFocus: false
placement: 4
focusPolicyIsReasonable: true
borderSnapZone: 10
windowSnapZone: 10
centerSnapZone: 0
snapOnlyWhenOverlapping: false
rollOverDesktops: true
focusStealingPreventionLevel: 1
legacyFullscreenSupport: false
operationTitlebarDblClick: 5000
operationMaxButtonLeftClick: 5000
operationMaxButtonMiddleClick: 5015
operationMaxButtonRightClick: 5014
commandActiveTitlebar1: 0
commandActiveTitlebar2: 30
commandActiveTitlebar3: 2
commandInactiveTitlebar1: 4
commandInactiveTitlebar2: 30
commandInactiveTitlebar3: 2
commandWindow1: 7
commandWindow2: 8
commandWindow3: 8
commandWindowWheel: 31
commandAll1: 10
commandAll2: 3
commandAll3: 14
keyCmdAllModKey: 16777251
showGeometryTip: false
condensedTitle: false
electricBorderMaximize: true
electricBorderTiling: true
electricBorderCornerRatio: 0.25
borderlessMaximizedWindows: false
killPingTimeout: 5000
hideUtilityWindowsForInactive: true
inactiveTabsSkipTaskbar: false
autogroupSimilarWindows: false
autogroupInForeground: true
compositingMode: 1
useCompositing: true
compositingInitialized: true
hiddenPreviews: 1
glSmoothScale: 2
xrenderSmoothScale: false
maxFpsInterval: 16666666
refreshRate: 0
vBlankTime: 6000000
glStrictBinding: true
glStrictBindingFollowsDriver: true
glCoreProfile: true
glPreferBufferSwap: 101
glPlatformInterface: 1
windowsBlockCompositing: true

Screen Edges
============
desktopSwitching: false
desktopSwitchingMovingClients: false
cursorPushBackDistance: 1x1
timeThreshold: 150
reActivateThreshold: 350
actionTopLeft: 1
actionTop: 0
actionTopRight: 0
actionRight: 0
actionBottomRight: 0
actionBottom: 0
actionBottomLeft: 2
actionLeft: 0

Screens
=======
Multi-Head: no
Active screen follows mouse:  yes
Number of Screens: 2

Screen 0:
---------
Name: eDP-1
Geometry: 0,0,3840x2160
Refresh Rate: 60.0102

Screen 1:
---------
Name: DP-1
Geometry: 3840,0,3840x2160
Refresh Rate: 60


Compositing
===========
Compositing is active
Compositing Type: OpenGL
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 530 (Skylake GT2) 
OpenGL version string: 4.5 (Core Profile) Mesa 17.1.4
OpenGL platform interface: GLX
OpenGL shading language version string: 4.50
Driver: Intel
GPU class: Unknown
OpenGL version: 4.5
GLSL version: 4.50
Mesa version: 17.1.4
X server version: 1.19.3
Linux kernel version: 4.10
Direct rendering: Requires strict binding: yes
GLSL shaders:  yes
Texture NPOT support:  yes
Virtual Machine:  no
OpenGL 2 Shaders are used
Painting blocks for vertical retrace:  no

Loaded Effects:
---------------
zoom
kwin4_effect_login
kwin4_effect_logout
wobblywindows
slideback
kwin4_effect_scalein
screenshot
minimizeanimation
kwin4_effect_windowaperture
kwin4_effect_translucency
desktopgrid
cubeslide
colorpicker
kwin4_effect_maximize
kwin4_effect_morphingpopups
kwin4_effect_fade
sheet
kwin4_effect_frozenapp
presentwindows
kwin4_effect_dialogparent
highlightwindow
startupfeedback
kscreen

Currently Active Effects:
-------------------------

Effect Settings:
----------------
zoom:
zoomFactor: 1.2
mousePointer: 0
mouseTracking: 0
enableFocusTracking: false
followFocus: true
focusDelay: 350
moveFactor: 20
targetZoom: 1

kwin4_effect_login:

kwin4_effect_logout:

wobblywindows:
stiffness: 0.15
drag: 0.8
moveFactor: 0.1
xTesselation: 20
yTesselation: 20
minVelocity: 0
maxVelocity: 1000
stopVelocity: 0.5
minAcceleration: 0
maxAcceleration: 1000
stopAcceleration: 0.5
moveEffectEnabled: true
openEffectEnabled: false
closeEffectEnabled: false
moveWobble: true
resizeWobble: true

slideback:

kwin4_effect_scalein:

screenshot:

minimizeanimation:

kwin4_effect_windowaperture:

kwin4_effect_translucency:

desktopgrid:
zoomDuration: 300
border: 10
desktopNameAlignment: 0
layoutMode: 0
customLayoutRows: 2
usePresentWindows: true

cubeslide:
rotationDuration: 500
dontSlidePanels: true
dontSlideStickyWindows: false
usePagerLayout: true
useWindowMoving: false

colorpicker:

kwin4_effect_maximize:

kwin4_effect_morphingpopups:

kwin4_effect_fade:

sheet:
duration: 500

kwin4_effect_frozenapp:

presentwindows:
layoutMode: 0
showCaptions: true
showIcons: true
doNotCloseWindows: false
ignoreMinimized: false
accuracy: 20
fillGaps: true
fadeDuration: 150
showPanel: false
leftButtonWindow: 1
rightButtonWindow: 2
middleButtonWindow: 0
leftButtonDesktop: 2
middleButtonDesktop: 0
rightButtonDesktop: 0

kwin4_effect_dialogparent:

highlightwindow:

startupfeedback:
type: 1

kscreen:

I have the three following symptoms, which I believe are related in some way but I cannot correlate them yet:

* SDDM Breeze Theme is all over the place on 2 monitors.  Can't see the password text box and alignment of each element is not centered with Kubuntu 17.04.  Running modesetting and intel drivers, reported as i915.  Resolved for now with switching to Maldives theme.
* Plasmashell crashes continually, blanking out the background and restarting.  Panel's elements are off area, meaning the only element I see is the clock and it is oversized for the default panel.  Resizing has no useful effect.  Unresolved workarounds tried.  Resolved by using LXQT with kwin_X11 for now.  Seems like a Qt issue then?
* This bug reported noting the crash in every Qt based desktop (KDE, LXQT) with kwin_x11 when mouse wheel scrolling rapidly back and forth in a window.  Using keyboard scrolling or touchpad does not produce the same issue.  All I can see are segfaults such as these in libqquicklayoutplugin.so or libQt5Core.so.5.7.1 . . .

    plasmashell[6514]: segfault at 55c4efbdafc0 ip 00007f77c403f450 sp 00007ffef75c85b0 error 4 in libqquicklayoutsplugin.so

Also note my settings:

* /etc/default/grub settings (allows for Intel 530 activation with delayed Nvidia Optimus use with bbswitch): nogpumanager modprobe.blacklist=nouveau,nvidiafb,nvidia-modeset,nvidia-uvm,nvidia,nvidia-384 acpi_osi=! acpi_osi=\"Windows 2009\" intel_iommu=igfx_off

* /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/21-intel.conf (same reasoning, can switch acceleration methods as needed easily by commenting differences):   
Section Device
  Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
  BusID  "PCI:0:2:0"
  # ----- modesetting driver -----
  #Driver      "modesetting"
  #Option       "DRI"         "false"
  #Option       "NoAccel"     "True"
  #Option      "AccelMethod"    "glamor"
  #Option      "DRI"            "3"
  #Option      "PageFlip"       "True"
  #Option      "Backlight"      "intel_backlight"
  # ----- Intel Drivers -----
  Driver          "intel"
  Option "Accel"    "True"
  # --- SNA ---
  Option "AccelMethod"   "sna"
  Option "TearFree"      "True"
  Option "TripleBuffer"  "True"
  # --- UXA ---
  #Option "AccelMethod"  "uxa"
  #Option "HWRotation"   "True"
  #Option "HotPlug"      "True"
  #Option "DRI"     "3"
  #Option "VSync"   "True"
  #Option "PageFlip"     "True"
  #Option "Tiling"       "True"
  #Option "TripleBuffer" "True"
EndSection

After a bit of time chasing issues on plasmashell crashes and the Breeze theme rendering the system unusable, it was fixed recently by upgrades and some configuration differences.  Restoring the original plasma desktop settings also did not cause a failure anymore.  I have some leads on the fix, however without more concrete analysis on a cause I am closing this issue.

(In reply to m1st0 from comment #4)
Possibly the upgrade from Mesa version: 17.1.4 to 17.2.0.

Thanks for the update!