It seems to be impossible to start konsole with a file to be executed that contains one or more spaces.
Starting such a file via a .desktop file ("execute in a terminal window" option checked) won't work either but it's probably the same bug.

The bug is being tracked on launchpad as well: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/konsole/+bug/948321

Reproducible: Always

Steps to Reproduce:
execute something like:
konsole --noclose -e /media/Serien\ 3TB/backup_worker.sh
or
konsole --noclose -e "/media/Serien 3TB/backup_worker.sh"
Actual Results:  
The following message gets displayed in the terminal where the command was started from:
konsole(3645): "Programmdatei kann nicht gefunden werden: " "/media/Serien"
[konsole(3645): "Program file cannot be found: " "/media/Serien"]

And these messages get displayed in the newly started konsole window:
Achtung: „/media/Serien“ kann nicht gefunden werden, stattdessen wird „/bin/bash“ gestartet. Prüfen Sie bitte die Einstellungen des Profils.
[Warning: „/media/Serien“ cannot be found, „/bin/bash“ will be started instead. Please check your profile settings.]
3TB/backup_worker.sh: Datei oder Verzeichnis nicht gefunden
[3TB/backup_worker.sh: File or directory not found]