Please see if you are bit by:
http://techbase.kde.org/Projects/PIM/Akonadi#I_have_an_unknown_error_255_when_running_akonadictl

If so, complain to your distro for not fixing this please....

Thank you for the Info. But i tried 2 Options:
First i tried only to disable AppArmor in Yast. This not helps. The Second Option (your Tip) was to use aacomplain. So i enabled the AA in Yast, and then i make aacomplain, and make rcapparmor restart. But this not works, too. 

What Akonadi server version are you using? What output do you get when running 'akonadictl start' on a console?

akonadi-runtime: 1.0.80-5.2
libakonadi4: 4.1.67-1.3
Alles OpenSuse Pakete aus dem UNSTABLE Zweig.

Der output von akonadictl start:
12:48 linux-xk2y:~/.config/akonadi > akonadictl start
Starting Akonadi Server...                           
   done.                                             
12:48 linux-xk2y:~/.config/akonadi > [akonadiserver] Unable to open database: 'Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (111) QMYSQL: Unable to connect'                    
[akonadiserver] [                                                                       
0: akonadiserver(_Z10kBacktracev+0x35) [0x8049735]                                      
1: akonadiserver [0x8049b2c]                                                            
2: [0xffffe400]                                                                         
3: [0xffffe430]                                                                         
4: /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x50) [0xb787e900]                                            
5: /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x188) [0xb7880238]                                             
6: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z17qt_message_output9QtMsgTypePKc+0x95) [0xb7cfe8c5]        
7: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z6qFatalPKcz+0x62) [0xb7cfe9a2]                             
8: /usr/lib/libakonadiprivate.so.1(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServerC1EP7QObject+0x5ec) [0xb7f22f7c]                                                                                   
9: /usr/lib/libakonadiprivate.so.1(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer8instanceEv+0x56) [0xb7f23bc6]                                                                                     
10: akonadiserver(main+0x42) [0x80492d2]                                                
11: /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe5) [0xb786a5f5]                                 
12: akonadiserver(__gxx_personality_v0+0xa1) [0x80491c1]                                
]                                                                                       
ProcessControl: Application 'akonadiserver' returned with exit code 255 (Unknown error) 
[akonadiserver] Unable to open database: 'Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (111) QMYSQL: Unable to connect'                                                         
[akonadiserver] [                                                                       
0: akonadiserver(_Z10kBacktracev+0x35) [0x8049735]                                      
1: akonadiserver [0x8049b2c]                                                            
2: [0xffffe400]                                                                         
3: [0xffffe430]                                                                         
4: /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x50) [0xb7799900]                                            
5: /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x188) [0xb779b238]                                             
6: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z17qt_message_output9QtMsgTypePKc+0x95) [0xb7c198c5]        
7: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z6qFatalPKcz+0x62) [0xb7c199a2]                             
8: /usr/lib/libakonadiprivate.so.1(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServerC1EP7QObject+0x5ec) [0xb7e3df7c]                                                                                   
9: /usr/lib/libakonadiprivate.so.1(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer8instanceEv+0x56) [0xb7e3ebc6]                                                                                     
10: akonadiserver(main+0x42) [0x80492d2]                                                
11: /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe5) [0xb77855f5]                                 
12: akonadiserver(__gxx_personality_v0+0xa1) [0x80491c1]                                
]                                                                                       
ProcessControl: Application 'akonadiserver' returned with exit code 255 (Unknown error) 
[akonadiserver] Unable to open database: 'Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (111) QMYSQL: Unable to connect'                                                         
[akonadiserver] [                                                                       
0: akonadiserver(_Z10kBacktracev+0x35) [0x8049735]                                      
1: akonadiserver [0x8049b2c]                                                            
2: [0xffffe400]                                                                         
3: [0xffffe430]                                                                         
4: /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x50) [0xb7829900]                                            
5: /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x188) [0xb782b238]                                             
6: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z17qt_message_output9QtMsgTypePKc+0x95) [0xb7ca98c5]        
7: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z6qFatalPKcz+0x62) [0xb7ca99a2]                             
8: /usr/lib/libakonadiprivate.so.1(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServerC1EP7QObject+0x5ec) [0xb7ecdf7c]                                                                                   
9: /usr/lib/libakonadiprivate.so.1(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer8instanceEv+0x56) [0xb7ecebc6]                                                                                     
10: akonadiserver(main+0x42) [0x80492d2]                                                
11: /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe5) [0xb78155f5]                                 
12: akonadiserver(__gxx_personality_v0+0xa1) [0x80491c1]                                
]                                                                                       
ProcessControl: Application 'akonadiserver' returned with exit code 255 (Unknown error) 
[akonadiserver] Unable to open database: 'Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (111) QMYSQL: Unable to connect'                                                         
[akonadiserver] [                                                                       
0: akonadiserver(_Z10kBacktracev+0x35) [0x8049735]                                      
1: akonadiserver [0x8049b2c]                                                            
2: [0xffffe400]                                                                         
3: [0xffffe430]                                                                         
4: /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x50) [0xb782d900]
5: /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x188) [0xb782f238]
6: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z17qt_message_output9QtMsgTypePKc+0x95) [0xb7cad8c5]
7: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z6qFatalPKcz+0x62) [0xb7cad9a2]
8: /usr/lib/libakonadiprivate.so.1(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServerC1EP7QObject+0x5ec) [0xb7ed1f7c]
9: /usr/lib/libakonadiprivate.so.1(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer8instanceEv+0x56) [0xb7ed2bc6]
10: akonadiserver(main+0x42) [0x80492d2]
11: /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe5) [0xb78195f5]
12: akonadiserver(__gxx_personality_v0+0xa1) [0x80491c1]
]
ProcessControl: Application 'akonadiserver' returned with exit code 255 (Unknown error)
[akonadiserver] Unable to open database: 'Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (111) QMYSQL: Unable to connect'
[akonadiserver] [
0: akonadiserver(_Z10kBacktracev+0x35) [0x8049735]
1: akonadiserver [0x8049b2c]
2: [0xffffe400]
3: [0xffffe430]
4: /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x50) [0xb781e900]
5: /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x188) [0xb7820238]
6: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z17qt_message_output9QtMsgTypePKc+0x95) [0xb7c9e8c5]
7: /usr/lib/libQtCore.so.4(_Z6qFatalPKcz+0x62) [0xb7c9e9a2]
8: /usr/lib/libakonadiprivate.so.1(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServerC1EP7QObject+0x5ec) [0xb7ec2f7c]
9: /usr/lib/libakonadiprivate.so.1(_ZN7Akonadi13AkonadiServer8instanceEv+0x56) [0xb7ec3bc6]
10: akonadiserver(main+0x42) [0x80492d2]
11: /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe5) [0xb780a5f5]
12: akonadiserver(__gxx_personality_v0+0xa1) [0x80491c1]
]
ProcessControl: Application 'akonadiserver' returned with exit code 255 (Unknown error)
"akonadiserver" crashed too often and will not be restarted!

aa-complain mysql wurde auch schon aktiviert...

Looks like it tries to connect to a dedicated MySQL server which is certainly not the default. Could you plese paste ~/.config/akonadi/akonadiserverrc? And try again after (re)moving that file?

My old config says:

[%General]
Driver=QMYSQL

[QMYSQL]
Name=akonadi
User=
Password=
Options="UNIX_SOCKET=/home/sascha/.local/share/akonadi/db_misc/mysql.socket"
StartServer=true
ServerPath=/usr/bin/mysql
Host=127.0.0.1

Now i removed the Config and start akonadi with akonadictl start:

The next output:
[akonadiserver] Database "akonadi" opened using driver "QMYSQL"
[akonadiserver] DbInitializer::run()
[akonadiserver] checking table  "SchemaVersionTable"
[akonadiserver] checking table  "ResourceTable"
[akonadiserver] checking table  "LocationTable"
[akonadiserver] checking table  "MimeTypeTable"
[akonadiserver] checking table  "PimItemTable"
[akonadiserver] checking table  "FlagTable"
[akonadiserver] checking table  "PartTable"
[akonadiserver] checking table  "LocationAttributeTable"
[akonadiserver] checking relation  "PimItemFlagRelation"
[akonadiserver] checking relation  "LocationMimeTypeRelation"
[akonadiserver] checking relation  "LocationPimItemRelation"
[akonadiserver] DbInitializer::run() done
[akonadiserver] skipping update 2
[akonadiserver] skipping update 3
[akonadiserver] skipping update 4
[akonadiserver] skipping update 8
[akonadiserver] Database "akonadi" opened using driver "QMYSQL"
[akonadiserver] Database "akonadi" opened using driver "QMYSQL"

This looks o.k.

ServerPath=/usr/bin/mysql is obviously wrong, that is the client not the server (the latest libakonadi version should detect that btw, someone else had this problem already). Did you change the configuration manually?

Yes via akonaditray. 

But now it looks, that the Server runs. But if i run akonadiconsole, No Agents and Resources available. If i go to "add" the i see an emty List.

Please update to the latest version of kdepimlibs/akonadi and kdepim/akonadi (from Monday or newer) and check the self-test output of the missing resources test, it should tell you where it searches for the resource .desktop files. Compare that with where the .desktop files are actually installed (usually $PREFIX/share/akonadi/agents) and check if they are really installed.

Created attachment 27671 [details]
Output from Self-Test

Now i use KDE 4.1.68-3.1 from the UNSTABLE-Tree in Open-Suse-Build.
Before i started akonadiconsole i removed the old rc's. After starting akonadiconsole the Self-Test runs. Now i have 3 Errors. Output from the File is attached.

Hello,

  I've had the same error, until I modified the /etc/group file and added the users to two groups:
messagebus and mysql
then the errors gone away.

Created attachment 30808 [details]
Akondi test report

Comment on attachment 30808 [details]
Akondi test report

KDE 4.2.0, gentoo portage ~amd64 branch. Akonadi failed to start for the first time.

Now if I view System Settings -> Akondi configuration, I see "std.vcf" with "No file selected" label